CALL (812) 333-8888 FOR MORE INFORMATION OR E-MAIL info@copa.org
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CALL (812) 333-8888 FOR MORE INFORMATION OR E-MAIL info@copa.org | |||||||||||||||
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Fixes: Funderburk | |||||||||||||||
Dechlorination and ImmobilizationFunderburk & Associates This technology mixes hazardous wastes with cement (or fly ash), water, and one of 18 patented reagents commonly known as "Chloranan" to immobilize heavy metals. The developers also claim that certain chlorinated organics are dechlorinated by the treatment reagents. Soils, sludges, and sediments can be treated in situ or excavated and treated ex situ. Sediments can be treated under water. Treatment occurs in batches, with volumetric throughput rated at 120 tons per hour. In the finished product, metals are fixed to a very low solubility point. The treatment process begins by adding Chloranan and water to the blending unit (see figure below). Waste is then added and mixed for 2 minutes. Cement or fly ash is added and mixed for a similar time. After 12 hours, the treated material hardens into a concrete-like mass that exhibits unconfined compressive strengths (UCS) ranging from 1,000 to 3,000 pounds per square inch (psi), with permeabilities of 10-9 centimeters per second (cm/sec). The hardened concrete-like mass can withstand several hundred freeze and thaw cycles. Waste Applicability The technology is applicable to wastes containing heavy metals and organics. The developers claim that the technology has been refined since the 1987 SITE demonstration and can now dechlorinate certain chlorinated organics as well as immobilize other wastes, including those with high levels of metals. The wastes with organic and inorganic contaminants can be treated separately or together with no impact on the chemistry of the process. The process can treat contaminated material with high concentrations (up to 25 percent) of oil. Status This technology was demonstrated in October 1987 at a former oil processing plant in Douglassville, Pennsylvania. The site soil contained high levels of oil and grease (250,000 parts per million [ppm]) and heavy metals (22,000 ppm lead), and low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC) (100 ppm) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) at 75 ppm. An Applications Analysis Report (EPA/540/A5-89/001) and a Technology Evaluation Report (EPA/540/5-89/001a) are available. A report on long-term monitoring may be obtained from EPA's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory. The technology has also been used to remediate a California Superfund site with zinc contamination as high as 220,000 ppm. Since the demonstration in 1987, the technology has been enhanced through the development of 17 additional reagent formulations that are claimed to dechlorinate many chlorinated organics, including PCBs, ethylene dichloride, trichloroethene, and pentachlorophenol. This technology is no longer available through a vendor. Contact the EPA Project Manager for further information. Samples were taken after treatment at intervals of 7 days, 28 days, 9 months, and 22 months. Analytical results from these samples were generally favorable. The physical test results were good, with UCS between 220 and 1,570 psi. Very low permeabilities (10-9 cm/sec) were recorded, and the porosity of the treated wastes was moderate. Durability test results showed no change in physical strength after the wet and dry and freeze and thaw cycles. The waste volume increased by about 120 percent. However, refinements of the technology now restrict volumetric increases to the 15 to 25 percent range. Using a smaller volume of additives reduces physical strength, but toxicity reduction is not affected. Data obtained since the 1987 SITE demonstration indicate that one or more of the reagents used in immobilizing heavy metals may be able to dechlorinate certain hazardous organics such as PCBs. The results of the leaching tests were mixed. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) results of the stabilized wastes were very low; essentially, concentrations of metals, VOCs, and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) were below 1 ppm. Lead leachate concentrations decreased by a factor of 200 to below 100 parts per billion. VOC and SVOC concentrations in the TCLP leachate were not affected by treatment. Oil and grease concentrations were greater in the treated waste TCLP leachate (4ppm) than in the untreated waste TCLP leachate (less than 2 ppm). The physical properties of the treated waste include high UCS, low permeabilities, and good weathering properties. For Further Information EPA PROJECT MANAGER: Paul dePercin, U.S. EPA Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268 513-569-7797 Fax: 513-569-7620 |
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