Conceptual Work Plan for
Remediatinon of Drying
Beds and Digesters
Winston-Thomas Wastewater Treatment Facility
Bloomington, Indiana
April 1997
1. Introduction
1.1 General
This Conceptual Remedial Work Plan has been prepared on behalf of Westinghouse
to describe the remedial approach for the digesters, drying beds, and associated
sludge piping at the Winston Thomas Wastewater Treatment Facility located
in Bloomington, Indiana. A general location map is presented in Figure 1.
This work plan is being submitted to the Indiana Department of Environmental
Management (IDEM), the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA),
the City of Bloomington, and Monroe County for review and approval. The
remainder of the introduction (Section 1) to the work plan includes the
site history and description, a discussion of the work plan objectives,
and a description of pre-remediation activities. Section 2 describes site
preparation activities, Sections 3 and 4 describe remediation approaches
for the drying beds and digesters, respectively, Section 5 describes the
options to abandon the sludge piping, Section 6 presents engineering controls
that will be utilized during the remediation, and Section 7 provides a discussion
on transportation and disposal.
1.2 Site History
The Winston Thomas facility is owned by the City of Bloomington and was
operated from 1933 until 1982 when plant operations were discontinued due
to the facility's age. A new sewage treatment plant on Dillman Road replaced
the Winston Thomas facility. The Westinghouse facility that manufactured
capacitors in Bloomington used the sewer system associated with the Winston
Thomas facility from 1958 to 1982. During some of this time period, discharge
of PCBs to the treatment plant occurred. Since closing in 1982, the City
of Bloomington has continued the maintenance of this site
After the closing of this facility, interim remedial plans were developed
and, in July 1986, as required by the Consent Decree, the Bloomington City
Utilities Board, the USEPA, and IDEM approved temporary storage for wastes
on city property at Winston Thomas. After this approval and receipt of all
necessary permits needed for construction, Westinghouse constructed the
Interim Storage Facility (ISF). Interim remedial measures were completed
by Westinghouse at the Winston Thomas facility in 1987. The remedial measures
included removing material from other sites and placing this material in
the ISF for storage
During 1991, Westinghouse, at the City of Bloomington's request, completed
the treatment and disposal of 410,000 gallons of water that had accumulated
in the Winston Thomas digesters. The treatment and disposal plans and procedures
for this effort were approved by the City, State of Indiana (IDEM) and the
USEPA. The sludge generated from the treatment of the digester water is
stored at the ISF. The structural debris from removal of the floating digester
covers that could be decontaminated was sold for scrap. The remaining material
was disposed of by Westinghouse at an approved incinerator facility. All
remedial measures were designed and implemented with approval from the Consent
Decree Parties: USEPA, State of Indiana (IDEM), City of Bloomington (Utilities
Services Board), and Monroe County (County Health Board). Westinghouse conducts
regular inspections of the plant site including the ISF and submits inspection
reports to the USEPA, IDEM, and the City of Bloomington.
1.3 Site Description
The Winston Thomas facility covers an area of approximately 26 acres.
Seventeen of these acres consist of the tertiary lagoon that contains I
to 2 feet of water. The facility is surrounded by a chain-link fence which
restricts public access.
The areas at the Winston Thomas facility that require remediation by
the Consent Decree include the tertiary lagoon, abandoned lagoon, trickling
filter, three drying beds, four anaerobic digesters and sludge piping associated
with the digesters and the drying beds. Since the Consent Decree was signed,
two other areas have been identified to contain PCBs. One area is outside
the facility proper on the west side of Clear Creek. The other area is adjacent
to the entrance road to the plant from Gordon Pike. An access road system
in the facility connects each area of thesite to the main entrance road
at the south of the facility.
The contaminated media at the facility includes dry sludge, semi-solid
sludge, sludge mixed with clay and contaminated water. The specific areas
to be addressed in 1997 by this plan will be the digesters containing semisolid
sludge and the drying beds that contain dry sludge. Also included will be
the cast iron piping that interconnects the digesters and connects the digesters
to the drying beds
1.4 Conceptual Remedial Work Plan Objectives
The objective of this Conceptual Remedial Work Plan is to provide the
government parties with a description of a general remedial approach that
Westinghouse believes is appropriate to address the digesters, drying beds,
and sludge piping. The general approach provided in this plan is to be reviewed
and commented on by the government agencies. Once this general approach
has been discussed and agreed upon, the Conceptual Plan will become part
of a bid specification package that will be prepared and used to select
a remediation contractor. The selected contractor will be required to develop
a detailed work plan utilizing the information provided in the conceptual
work plan. The final work plan will reflect the specific techniques that
the remediation contractor will employ based on the material characteristics
and the contractor's previous experience at performing similar remediation
projectsI,:
1.5 Project Description
The contaminated sludge on the drying beds and in the four digester
tanks will be removed using standard excavation equipment. The types of
equipment will be specified by the remediation contractor. The sludge will
be loaded into trucks and either transported directly to a disposal facility
or loaded into railroad cars for transportation to the disposal facility.
The material will be directed to either a TSCA or Subtitle D landfill based
on the data from the laboratory analyses conducted in 1996. This data was
obtained as part of the Alternative Evaluation Plan conducted in June and
July of 1996. All data obtained was provided to the government parties in
the September 1996 Alternative Evaluation Report. Based on this information,
the total volume of sludge in the digesters and drying beds is approximately
10,900 cy
As part of this remediation, the cast iron sludge piping interconnecting
the digester tanks and the sludge piping connecting the digesters to the
three drying beds will be addressed. Additional details relating to the
remediation approach for the digesters, drying beds, and sludge piping is
provided in the remaining sections of this Conceptual Work Plan. When the
remediation is completed, the digester tanks and drying bed area will be
available to the City of Bloomington for demolition and/or abandonment based
on the city's future use of the area
Final approval from the government parties for the remediation described
here is expected by August 22, 1997.Based on receiving approval at that
time, mobilization would begin August 25, and be completed by late November
of 1997.
1.6 Pre-Remediation Activities
Once a remediation contractor is selected, a detailed work plan will
be developed. As part of this work plan, a Health and Safety Plan and Quality
Assurance/Quality Control Plan will be developed by the contractor. These
plans will be provided to the government parties for review and approval
before proceeding with mobilization
Prior to field work commencing, Westinghouse will select disposal facilities.
The contaminated material will be disposed of as either TSCA or non-TSCA
(Subtitle D) depending on PCB concentration. Based on the location of the
facility and whether rail service is available at the facility, a means
of transportation will be selected. For shipment by rail arrangements will
be made with CSX Railroad to set up a rail car loading station. There is
a CSX rail yard approximately two miles from the Winston Thomas facility.
Availability of this yard as a loading station will be discussed with CSX
representatives. Any permits that may be required to execute the remediation
will be identified with the assistance of the government parties. This is
to be done prior to finalizing the bid package used for contractor selection.
2. Site Preparation/Site Set Up
2.1 General
The Winston Thomas facility is fenced, with limited public access. The
site will require some site preparation activities in order to facilitate
the remedial program. A site plan is shown on Figure 2. The site contains
a number of access roads throughout the facility that were used by the city
during its operation. Some of these roads are overgrown and may need upgrading
to provide equipment access to each unit to be remediated. At the present
time, access to the facility is at the south side of the site from Gordon
Pike
2.2 Facility Access Roads
It may be necessary to upgrade the existing roads within the facility.
In particular, the access to the digester tanks is limited because of the
sloped grassy area that surrounds the base of the tanks. It is anticipated
that a new roadbed material will be needed to address this area. Limited
scraping and repair may be necessary to access the drying beds. Currently,
the majority of the road is in usable condition
The specific details of the access road upgrades will be provided in
contractor's final work plan
2.3 Support Facilities
The contractor will provide support facilities which will include an
office trailer(s); water, electric, and phone services; personnel decontamination;
and sanitary facilities to accommodate all of the workers and visitors that
maybe on site. The location of these support facilities will be coordinated
between the contractor and the city's continued use of the site for other
purposes.
2.4 Material Loading Pads
Separate loading pads will be required for the drying beds and digesters.
It may be necessary to provide an additional pad for Drying Bed #3. Material
load-out pads will be constructed to protect against spills that may occur
during the loading process. The details of pad construction will be provided
by the contractor, however, it is anticipated that the pad will be lined
with plastic and covered with gravel. The pad will be oversized to allow
for room on either side of the truck during the loading process
2.5 Decontamination Pad
A decontamination pad will be constructed to provide a location where
equipment and trucks can be spray washed. The pad will consist of gravel
lined with plastic or a steel structure which can collect the rinsate water
in a central sump. The water will be pumped to an on-site holding tank for
treatment or disposal
2.6 Truck Scale
A portable truck scale will be installed on site to weigh outgoing loads
of material. This will be done to assure thatloads are optimized prior to
leaving the property and for Westinghouse to track the disposal volumes.
It is anticipated that the scale will be stationed after the trucks move
through the decontamination pad. The scale will be checked periodically
for calibration. The scale will primarily serve as a means to estimate removal
weights and individual rail car weights to prevent overloaded or
underweight rail cars.
2.7 Water Treatment
All rinse waters and water generated during the excavation will be collected
and properly managed. A more detailed description will be provided in the
contractor work plan. Rinsate water from decontamination and water that
accumulates from precipitation in the remediation and load out areas during
the program will be collected. Provisions will be made to mobilize storage
tanks to hold this water. Depending on the volume of water generated, it
may be beneficial to mobilize an on-site water treatment system. Effluent
from the treatment system will be discharged to Dillman Road and will meet
required discharge limits. Westinghouse is also evaluating other discharging
alternatives including the possibility of disposal of the water at a permitted
facility depending on the total volume collected.
3. Drying Beds
3.1 General
There are three drying beds at Winston Thomas that were used to dewater
sludge during the operation of the treatment plant (see Figure 2). The rectangular
drying beds are surrounded by a concrete berm. Each bed is separated into
sections by concrete dividers. There are seven sections in Bed #1 and Bed
#2 and four sections in Bed #3. Underlying the sludges, each bed contains
drainage media that consists of a layer of sand overlying gravel and stone.
At the present time, dried sludge remains on each of the three beds in varying
amounts and with varying levels of PCB contamination. The conceptual work
plan addresses the removal of the dried sludge.
3.2 Existing Information
A comprehensive sampling and analysis program was completed on the drying
beds during the summer of 1996.A detailed description and presentation of
the results are included in the Alternative Evaluation Report prepared by
Blasland, Bouck & Lee, Inc. (BBL), September 1996. Samples of the sludge
were collected at 14 locations from each bed (see Figure 3). Discrete samples
of the sludge were analyzed for PCBs at each location. Other analyses were
performed on composite samples to develop an understanding of disposal characteristics.
The data was obtained using sampling and analytical methods that were developed
and approved by all government parties for this project. PCBs were analyzed
by Heritage Laboratories in accordance with all EPA protocols and sample
data packages were completed for each sample. Level ~ data quality objectives
were used and the data was validated by BBL. Validation information has
been provided to all the government parties
The results of these analyses are presented in Table I. This data was
found to be consistent with data previously obtained in these beds. The
segregation of TSCA and non-TSCA material will be based on the data in Table
1 and is depicted in Figure 3. All of Bed #2 and Sections 4, 5, 6, and 7
and part of Section 3 in Bed #I have sample results that are less than 50
ppm. All of the sections in Bed #3 and Sections 1 and 2 in Bed # I are 50
ppm and above based on this data. The material that was mounded in Sections
I and 2 of Bed #1 extends into Section 3.The exact location of how far TSCA
material extends into Section 3 will be determined at the time of excavation.
This will be done by visual inspection of the section by representatives
of Westinghouse, EPA, and the City of Bloomington
During the sampling program in 1996, samples were also collected from
the drainage media and underlying nativeclay from each bed. The results
of these samples are also presented at the bottom of Table 1.
3.3 Remedial Approach
The primary objective is to remove all of the sludge present on each
drying bed. The drying bed sludge is to be excavated and disposed of off
site. The sludge will be transported to either a permitted TSCA landfill
for sludge PCB concentrations found 50 ppm and greater or a Subtitle D landfill
for material with PCBs less than 50 ppm. Based on the sampling data generated
during the 1996 characterization program, the following volumes of TSCA/non-TSCA
material are estimated
Drying Bed #1 1,656 cubic yards (cy) TSCA material
215 cy non-TSCA material
Drying Bed #2 462 cy non-TSCA material
Drying Bed #3 2,281 cy TSCA material
Based on the available data, the material should not require any dewatering
for transportation and landfill disposal. The sludge solid content ranges
from 75% to 80%. In addition, during the sampling program conducted in 1996,no
evidence of free liquids was observed from any of the sludge samples.
3.4 Excavation Loading
The excavation and loading of sludge will be completed utilizing conventional
excavation equipment (i.e., backhoe, small loaders, scrapers, etc.). The
following is a typical sequence of activities that can be expected during
this phase. The actual means and methods to be utilized will be specified
by the contractor in a detailed work plan.
- Use 1996 sampling program data to identify TSCA and non-TSCA sections
of drying beds.
- Remove vegetation above sludge and dispose at the direction of the
city. Disposal may include on-sitecomposting or off-site disposal
- Remove all non-TSCA sludge and load directly onto trucks at the loading
pad for transportation to a Subtitle landfill
- Remove all TSCA material and load directly onto trucks at the loading
pad for transportation to rail loading area or directly to landfill. Westinghouse
is currently evaluating transportation and disposal options for this material.Depending
on the choice of the disposal facility, rail cars may be used to transport
TSCA material
- As part of the sludge excavation, approximately two to four inches
of sand will also be removed. This will slightly increase the volume of
material listed in Section 3.3
- The surface of the remaining sand will be visually inspected. Visibly
stained sand, as determined in the field by representatives of Westinghouse,
EPA, and the City of Bloomington.
- Any sand from the excavation of Bed #3 and Sections I, 2, and part
of 3 of Bed #3 will be disposed of as TSCA material. All other sand will
be considered non-TSCA and disposed of in a Subtitle D landfill
- Prior to leaving the site, all trucks and equipment will be cleaned
on the decontamination pad
- Once the sand surface has been inspected and stained sand removed,
five samples of the remaining sand layer will be taken from each bed. The
location of the samples is to be determined in the field by representatives
of Westinghouse, EPA, and the City of Bloomington. The sand samples will
be taken to the total depth of the remaining sand. If the PCB concentration
is less than 50 ppm in the sand, no further removal will be required. If
the PCB concentration is 50 ppm or above, sand associated with the sample
location will be removed to the top of the next drainage media.
No further sampling will be required once this removal is complete. The
field procedures for the sampling of the sand will be provided as
part of the final work plan prepared by the remediation contractor.
Once the sampling is completed and additional material removed, if needed,
each drying bed area will be covered with 18 inches of clean fill and seeded,
with the remaining sand and drainage media being left in place.
3.5 Concrete Berms
The outside perimeter of each drying bed is surrounded with a concrete
berm approximately 18 inches above grade Bloomington, will be removed Each
drying bed is divided into seven (Bed #1, Bed #2) or four sections (Bed
#3) by a concrete divider. Upon completion of sludge excavation from each
bed, any remaining sludge will be removed from the exposed concrete berms
and dividers. This will be done using shovels, scrapers, and wire brushes.
All remaining visible sludge will be removed in this manner. The concrete
dividers and berm will be left in place.
4. Digesters
4.1 General
There are four anaerobic digester tanks at Winston Thomas. These digesters
were used to process sludge prior to pplication on the three drying beds.
The tanks range in size from 40 to 50 feet in diameter and contain a semisolid
sludge that ranges from 17 to 24 feet deep. They consist of concrete walls
and a network of piping that was sed to mix the sludge within each digester
and to transfer the sludge between them. Three of the four digesters do
not have covers. Digester No. 2 (southeast) has a concrete top with manway
openings for access. Figure 3 presents the location of each digester. As
part of continuing site maintenance, water is continuously pumped from each
digester.
The objective of the proposed remediation is to remove all sludge from
each of the digesters and remediate all piping that was used to mix and
transfer the sludge.
4.2 Existing Information
During the sampling program completed at Winston Thomas in 1996, samples
of sludge from each tank were collected and analyzed for PCBs. Two locations
that represented the entire depth of sludge were sampled from each digester.
The results of this sampling are presented in Table 3. These results are
consistent with data obtained previously. Based on the data, the sludge
from each of the digesters was greater than 50 ppm and, therefore, will
be disposed of in a commercially-permitted TSCA facility. In addition, a
composite sample from each digester was analyzed for disposal parameters
(Table 4). The data indicated that the sludge is not a RCRA hazardous waste
(i.e. TCLP, flashpoint, corrosivity, and ignitability
The sampling program, volume estimates of each digester were calculated
based on the depth of the materialpresent in each tank as well as the tank
diameter. A summary of the calculated volumes of each tank is provided below:
- Digester #1 1,350 cy
- Digester #2 980 cy
- Digester #3 1,820 cy
- Digester #4 2,110 cy
4.3 Remedial Approach
The proposed remedial approach for these units will include excavation,
addition of a drying agent based on pain tfilter tests and off-site disposal
to a permitted TSCA facility. The primary objective is to remove the sludge
remaining in each of the four digesters. The sludge piping remediation addressed
in Section 5 will be initiated upon completion of sludge removal.
A general description of the remediation approach is discussed below.
Additional details of each remedial component will be provided later in
the contractor's final work plan.
4.4 Excavation / Loading
The removal of sludge will be completed using a long reach excavator
or crane and clamshell. Both are viable options and may require the
partial removal of the digester wall to access the material. The actual
method will be specified by the contractor.
Westinghouse has been dewatering the digester sludge since the middle of
1996 by removing free liquids that accumulate due to precipitation. The
current dewatering process includes an 8-inch diameter well point. A submersible
pump is located in each well that pumps the liquids to an on-site treatment
system. This process has been effective in reducing the water content of
the sludge from each of the digesters and will continue through the removal
program. Before shipment to the disposal facility, the sludge must pass
paint filter test (SW-846 Method9095) to determine if free liquids are present
If, at the time of remediation, free liquids are encountered and the
material will not pass the paint filter test, a drying agent such as fly
ash, kiln dust, or cement will be added. Results of the treatability testing
conducted by OHM Remediation will be used as the basis for adding drying
agents. An alternative may be placing the material on plastic liners to
allow for air drying and drainage to assist in removing the free liquids
prior to loading on trucks for disposal
The following is a typical sequence of activities that can be expected
during this phase.
Removal of the concrete cover from Digester No. 2. Cover will be placed
off to the side next to the digesters for ultimate disposal by the city.
Cut open a portion of each wall in digester (if necessary) to access
the sludge. The size of the opening will be determined by the contractor.
Place concrete sections off to the side next to the digester for ultimate
disposal by the city.
Provide spill control measures (i.e., plastic sheeting around digesters
Locate excavation equipment next to opening cut in digester wall
Mix bottom sludge with top sludge, biomass, and vegetation to provide
a more consistent solid content
If practical, allow time for removing free liquid that may occur as a
result of mixing
Add drying agent directly to tank based on paint filter test and mix
with sludge to absorb water. Possibly place sludge on plastic liners to
allow a period for air drying.
Begin excavating and loading sludge directly onto trucks.
Continue to pump water from each tank (if any) to the on-site storage tank.
Once the majority of the sludge is removed, a small loader (i.e., Bobcat)
may be lowered into the digester to remove the remaining sludge
It is expected that hand shoveling of the remaining sludge may also be
necessary
Removal of steel pipe support structure in tank(s), if needed, to permit
removal of residual sludge. Dispose of structure as TSCA or clean and leave
on site.
The walls and floor will be spray washed to remove visible sludge film
that may be present on the tank walls and floor. The slurry will be pumped
into an on-site tank for treatment and/or disposal.
Sampling of the Digester Wall
After spray washing the walls, a wipe sample will be taken from the surfaces
of each digester wall. A 100 square centimeter area of the concrete will
be masked off a the mid point of the vertical wall. The procedure will be
as defined in the TSCA regulations 40 CFR 761.123. A guaze pad soaked in
hexane will be wiped vertically and horizontally over the 100 square centimeter
area. The pad will be placed in a sample jar and sent for laboratory analysis.
The concrete will be considered clean if the lab results are below 100 micrograms/100
square centimeters.
An alternative for the verification of the clean up of the digester walls
is to analyze a cored section of concrete. A two-inch diameter core of concrete
will be taken from the wall of the digester tank. The first six inceds fo
the core will be sent for analysis. The concrete will be considered clean
if the analysis is a PCB concentration of less than 50ppm, the walls will
be considered clean.
Once a sampling procedure is selected, a detailed description of the
field sampling procedure and associated lab protocol will be included in
the final work plan.
For either sampling prodecure chosen, if the sample does not pass the
clean criteria, the surface will be rewashed and sampled again.
- General
As part of this remediation project, the sludge piping associated with
the four digesters and three drying beds will be addressed. The flow diagram
in Figure 4 shows the sludge piping arrangement, heat exchangers, and pumps.
This flow diagram was obtained from Consoer, Townsend & Associates
drawiing-54-212B sheet 24 which was provided by the City of Bloomington
Utilities. Included as part of this remediation will be the:
- recirculated sludge piping between the digesters;
- a sludge transfer piping to the sludge pumps and heat exchangers;
- sludge pumps and heat exchangers; and
- piping from the digesters to the drying beds.
- This is consistent with the concepts presented in the Consent Decree
for remediation of the sludge piping.
5.2 Digester Piping
The recirculated sludge piping and the sludge transfer piping are located
in a tunnel shown in Figure 4. The tunnel is below ground and runs between
each digester tank to the sludge control building. The sludge control building
is at the south end of the tunnel. The building contains the sludge pumps
and the sludge heat exchangers. The piping located in these areas can be
identified by color, with the piping used for sludge painted brown
According to the plant operators, the procedure was to continually mix
the sludge in the two large northern tanks. The sludgein these tanks was
circulated to the heat exchanger which maintained the sludge temperature
at about 98_F to promote the anaerobic digestion process. After about 15
days the mixture in the north tanks was moved to the smaller southern tanks
where the sludge was allowed to settle. After the solids settled, the supernatant
was pumped back to the primary settling tanks and the sludge pumped on to
the drying beds.
- Drying Bed Piping
Available information indicates that there is one eight-inch cast iron
line that fed both Drying Beds #1 and #2 and a six-inch line that fed Bed
#3. The piping to Beds #1 and #2 is below grade until it reaches the drying
beds. From a junction point underground between the beds, the piping surfaces
at eight locations adjacent to each bed. For Bed #3 the piping goes underground
to each of the four sections of the drying bed
5.4 Remediation Options for Piping
The physical condition of the sludge piping and associated valves may
vary. This will influence the remediation approach to be taken. Three remediation
options will be considered for the sludge piping depending on the location
and integrity of the piping.
High Pressure Wash
Where the pipe integrity is shown by inspection to be good, the approach
will be to high-pressure spray wash the piping and abandon the piping
in place. Where possible, existing valves will be used
to plug lines. Otherwise, blind flanges or inflatable plugs will be
installed to plug continuous lengths prior to spray washing.
Removal
Piping, valves, and other associated hardware that is not suitable for
pressure washing will be disassembled and removed. This material will then
be cleaned on-site or transported as is to an appropriate landfill.
Grouting
In certain situations, where pipe integrity is questionable, the piping
may be filled with a grout material. This grout material will be a flowable
concrete-based mixture that will be pumped into the pipe
At this time, it is expected that all sludge piping associated with the
tunnel connecting the digesters to the pumps and the heat exchangers in
the sludge control house will be removed and disposed of as TSCA waste.
Also, the pumps and heat exchanger will be removed and disposed of as TSCA
waste. The sludge piping going underground to the drying beds will be inspected
using a camera. Based on the inspection, the piping will either be high
pressure washed or grouted and left in place.
The tunnel containing the piping between the digesters and the heat exchangers
will be cleaned after the pipe removal. The surface of the walls and floor
will be spray washed and the spray wash water collected for treatment
6.1 General
As part of the contractor submittals, a detailed Health and Safety Plan
and QA/QC Plan will be developed thatdiscusses the specific details associated
with providing appropriate engineering controls. The following items willbe
evaluated as the details of the work plan are developed
Drying Beds
It is anticipated that continuous dust monitoring will be conducted at the
start up of excavation and loading activities. Dust monitoring will consist
of a continuous reading mini-ram that provides real time data associated
with total dust concentration. Action levels will be set for total particulates.
If initial monitoring over the first week of excavation indicates that levels
are acceptable, then monitoring will be discontinued. Corrective action
for dust control will be identified that may include wetting the material.
In addition, wind direction will be monitored daily to determine appropriate
monitoring locations
Digester
The material, while capable of passing the paint filter test for landfill
disposal, is expected to have sufficient moisture so that airborne particulate
will not be a problem. However, given the nature of the material, continuous
readings for oxygen and hydrogen sulfide will be monitored during the excavation
process
- Surface Water Run-Off
Surface water run-off within the excavation is not expected due to
the concrete berms around the drying beds and the tank enclosures for the
digester. However, silt fencing will be installed around the work area
to protect the surrounding area from any spills that may occur around the
load-out areas and decontamination pads
6.4 Water Collection/Treatment
All rinse waters and water from precipitation that accumulates in the
excavation zones or load-out areas will be collected and stored in temporary
holding tanks. The water will be treated and discharged on site or shipped
offsite for disposal. The details of an on-site water treatment system will
be specified in the detailed work plan prepared by the contractor.
7. Transportation and Disposal
7.1 General
Westinghouse is currently evaluating transportation and disposal options.
The transportation methods for both TSCA and non-TSCA waste will depend
on the disposal facilities selected. In the case of rail shipment, trucks
will be used to transport the material to the CSX railyardlocated approximately
two miles from the site. The following section provides a brief discussion
of the options currently being evaluated.
7.2 Transportation
It is anticipated that transportation from Winston Thomas to a Subtitle
D landfill will be by truck. Local or near local landfills are being evaluated
to dispose of the non-TSCA material.
Depending on the disposal site selected for TSCA material, it may be
advantageous to transport this material by rail cars. In the event that
rail is the preferred alternative, Westinghouse is currently working with
CSX Railroad to use an existing spur at the CSX Bloomington Railyard. A
ramp will be constructed at the railyard to allow for direct loading into
the railcars from the trucks. A material load-out pad will be constructed
that provides protection(i.e., liner) against any spills that may occur
during the loading process.
Based on the volume of sludge and degree of difficulty for excavation
from the two areas, an estimate of trucks and rail cars per day is as follows:
- Drying Beds: 8 to l0 trucks/day and 2 rail cars/day
- Digesters: 12 to l5 trucks/day and 3 rail cars/day
As discussed in Section 2.7, each truck will be weighed prior to leaving
the site to insure rail cars are within the weight limits.
7.3 Disposal
The contaminated material at the facility will either be disposed of
as TSCA or non-TSCA material. The following is a list of disposal facilities
being considered.
TSCA Landfill
- USPCI (Laidlaw) - Utah
- Model City (Chem Waste) - New York
- EnviroSafe - Idaho
- Chem Waste - Alabama
- U.S. Ecology - Nevada
- WCS - Texas
- Non-TSCA (Subtitle D)
Medora Landfill - Jackson County, Indiana
- Worthington Landfill - Greene County, Indiana
- Laidlaw - Celina, Ohio
- Laidlaw - Twinsburg, Ohio
Request for proposals for each type of disposal facility will be prepared.
Selection will be based on the response to this request and the landfill's
operating record. |
